The Mental Disorder Known As Schizophrenia - 2245 Words

Introduction The intent of this paper is to take an in depth look at the mental disorder known as schizophrenia. This disorder is relatively new and has only been recognized by psychologists since the late 1880’s. Since its discovery there have been many researchers who have attempted to define what causes the disorder, however there is still no concrete evidence of its origin. It has been widely accepted that schizophrenia has roots in genetics, however there is also a growing amount of evidence to suggest environmental factors as well. Research on epigenetics has shown that subtle mutations of DNA can be associated with the onset of schizophrenia. It also has been presented that specific single nucleotide polymorphs can be directly†¦show more content†¦More subtle symptoms include a lack of interest, lack of social interaction, and inability to sustain relationships. At this time there are a number of medications that can be used to help ease the symptoms of schizophrenia. Thera py and rehab have also been proven effective once medication is stable. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history, origins, symptoms and treatments of schizophrenia. By examining the, be it short, history of the disorder one will be able to better understand the intent of current research and the problems being attempted to solve. History Although schizophrenia is considered to be one of the newer mental disorders to be recognized, there have been several researchers that have made major declarations as to the cause and depth of this disorder. The first researcher to provide a look into what is now called schizophrenia is Emil Kraepelin (Jablensky, 2012). Prior to Kraepelin’s research, psychologists had begun to describe symptoms that were unlike any of the known mental disorders of the time. Kraepelin saw that many of these symptoms were similar among each other but there were also slight differences in the cases. Kraepelin decided to group all symptoms that were describing similar events under one term, dementia praecox. Throughout his research Kraepelin struggled with finding one root cause that was similar across all patients, so he determined that the essence of this disorder was a notable decline in

Karl Marx, A Communist Philosopher And Visionary - 1989 Words

Once, a spectre haunted Europe, that spectre was known as Communism. Terrible wages, diseased cities, chronic poverty, and inadequate suffrage defined life for Europe’s industrial working class for much of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. The demands of industrial capitalism drove the economic agenda which propagated the horrific maladies that plagued Europe’s poor. The advances of machinery and retooling of â€Å"production processes† generated higher â€Å"profits from producing things,† when compared to the previous models of capitalism. In this world the boot of capitalist greed seemed to crush the throats of the average worker. The laborers of capitalism found themselves doomed to destitution without any meaningful†¦show more content†¦Although a number of communist states once existed the number has dwindled significantly. The â€Å"world revolution† that Marx assumed would come to fruition never fully mate rialized, which by Marxist logical implied the proletariat uprising to topple capitalism has yet to occur. After the dissolution of Soviet Union in the 1990s and the economic opening of communist systems in the People Republic of China and the Soviet Union in 1978 and the mid-1980s respectively, it appeared that Marx’s ideological movement would only haunt the annals of history. However, even after the supposed death of â€Å"true† communism and Marxist systems, has capitalism truly triumphed over socialism and communism? Although it may appear capitalism is the obvious winner, this interpretation is overly simplistic, if not wrong. Capitalist societies instituted socialist and communist principles and policies into their own systems. The governments once responsible for the suppression of their citizens’ freedoms have progressed closer to the economic and societal systems proposed by communists such as Marx. A deviation away from the industrial capitalist structure that Marx knew is not only achievable, it is arguably already been achieved in some countries, wi thout Marx’s hypothesized bloody and violent â€Å"revolution.† Marx refused to acknowledge the permeation of the capitalist system with socialist

Rights of the Child Free Essays

UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was brought into effect to recognise that Children needed their own set of specific human rights that should be protected and that these were a universal right not a privilege. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was drawn up and accepted by the UN in 1989. The UK government agreed to abide by the principles in 1991 and it was fully implemented in 1992. We will write a custom essay sample on Rights of the Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most universally recognised set of standards for protecting the rights of children and numerous countries have agreed to abide by it. The Convention forms a set of articles that highlight the minimum entitlements of all children. These articles have been split into four main categories: the general requirements for all the rights; the basic rights to life, survival and development of one’s full potential; being kept safe from harm; and respecting the views of the child. The Convention also sets out minimum standards in areas such as health care, education and social services to protect those children’s rights. There are 54 articles in total that apply to all children with no exceptions, here are two examples; Article 19 states that all young people have the right to be kept safe from experiencing violence, mental abuse, physical abuse or neglect by any adult they come into regular contact with e. g. parents, carers etc and Article 34 gives the right for all young people to be kept safe from any form of sexual abuse or exploitation. When the UK government agreed to abide by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child it meant it had promised to not act in a way that would infringe any of the rights and it agreed to ensure they were fully implemented in a non discriminatory manner. Accordingly the government is responsible for ensuring people act in the best interests of the child and that children are treated as individuals within a family whose views should be taken into account. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was implemented by the government but it requires all parts of society to respect them to ensure the rights of the child are being met. This therefore has a massive impact on my role and responsibilities within my job. This is due to the fact that I must ensure the rights outlined in the convention and the minimum standards set out are being met at all times as it is a legal obligation. It is also important for me to ensure the individuals views within the home are being actively sought on a regular basis, listened to and respected. This is done by seeking the individuals views during the care planning and development of placement plans so that their wishes can be recorded and implemented where appropriate. It is also important to encourage and support the individuals to attend review meetings to express their opinions on their care plan and future. There are also minimum standards that relate to this e. g. standard 1. 4 which states â€Å"the views of the child, the child’s family, social worker and IRO are sought regularly on the child’s care. † Under the UN Convention I also must ensure that I keep the individual safe from harm or abuse. This corresponds to various Educare policies and procedures under safeguarding which stipulate things such as all visitors to the home are asked for ID and appropriately supervised. It also requires me to have appropriate risk assessments and management in place specific to the individual so as to reduce any potential risks associated with a situation and to develop strategies to help encourage and support and individual to manage their own risks. This information is also put into the minimum care standards under standard 4 which outcome is to ensure â€Å"children feel safe and are safe. Children understand how to protect themselves, and feel protected and are protected from significant harm including neglect, abuse and accident. † The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child essentially underpins all aspects of the work we do and how we undertake it and the responsibilities we have to the individual. It is therefore a major and key piece of legislation that we must be familiar with to fulfill the job role and responsibilities as manager of a home. HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998 The Human Rights Act was drawn up by the UK government and implemented in 1998. It draws on the European Convention of Human Rights but allows for issues to be addressed within the UK courts of Law rather than needing a European Court. â€Å"The Act provides that it is unlawful for a public authority to act in such a way as to contravene Convention rights. For these purposes public authority includes any other person â€Å"whose functions are functions of a public nature. â€Å"† The Human Rights Act uses a set of articles to detail the rights of everyone within the UK. Examples of these articles include: the right to life; prohibition of torture; prohibition of slavery and forced labour; right to liberty and security; right to respect for family and private life; freedom of thought conscience and religion; freedom of expression; prohibition of discrimination; protection of property; and right to education. The Human Rights Act is another piece of legislation which underpins all aspects of the job role and responsibilities of being a manager of a children’s home. If parts of the Human Rights Act are ignored or not adhered to then it can become a criminal offence. As a result of the Human Rights Act equal opportunities policies and procedures were drawn up and implemented and form the basis of the way we work with the individuals to ensure we adhere to the Act and ensure the individual is not discriminated against under any basis. There are also several acts that were developed as a result of the Human Rights Act to stop discrimination within the work place and towards others. It is therefore important that valuing diversity is promoted within the home and understanding of different cultures, religion etc. are developed. This also forms one of the key outcomes Ofsted assesses for to see how well it is achieved within the home. The Human Rights Act also ensures that the individuals have a right to privacy and security. This includes individuals having privacy in their bedroom environment unless there is a concern for their safety and that they have their own room key so they can keep their room locked and have their privacy respected by other individuals living in the home. It also means for example that people are asked for ID when visiting the home and are appropriately supervised so as to ensure security and safety within the home is maintain. Freedom of thought ensures that the individuals are allowed and encouraged to develop their own opinions on things and that these opinions are respected e. g. in relation to religion. How to cite Rights of the Child, Essay examples

Management of Organization Using Academic Theories and Concepts

Question: Discuss about the Management of Organizations Using Academic Theory and Concepts. Answer: Introduction The topic chosen for this Individual Business Report is about the importance of going through academic theories, journals, articles and textbooks on how a manager should work on the developing the skills to tackle the real world organizations. The specific environments related to business organizations have to be discussed. One real life factor of the company has to be taken and the impact of the factor on the organization is going to be put under focus in order to make a proper analysis. Academic Theories and Concepts Some academic theories and concepts help us to have a better understanding of the issues relating to management. These theories and concepts have to be applied properly to get a better result by the managers in their field of works (Miner 2015). These theories include: Contingency Theory Contingency theory gives the most importance to the fact of managers ability to decide on proper situations according to the current situation. He should be able to take decisions on what the most important criteria is. He should also encourage more participation from his workers and develop a leadership skill in himself. Systems Theory The Systems Theory describes the utility of different systems and its effects. Different systems affect the workers and workers effect different systems in different ways. Systems theory has a larger implication on the field of management. This theory helps the managers to look into different patterns and events in the working environments. This helps the managers to see the work as a collective whole. Chaos Theory Changes and modifications are necessary for any organization. Some events in an organization can be controlled and some cannot be. The chaos theory concentrates on the changeable aspects and confirms that change is an inevitable phenomenon. The more the organizations grow, the more the complexities increase as well. The entire system continues to evolve on a regular basis. After going through academic journals and articles about organizations, it can be noted that some procedures that help to increase the productivity of the organizations (Vaccaro et al. 2012). Development of Organizations helps in the procedure and techniques of making a sustainable development in a better way according to the circumstances. This technique caters a lot to the improvement of all the organizations. Specific Environment Specific environment of an organization means the portion of an overall situation that directly applies to the business organizations. A business manager has to be ready always and should have a sharp focus on the assessment on the specific environments so that he can be able to make best-informed decisions. The discussion has to be focused and centered on the textbook published by the selected organization Pearson Australia (Robbins et al. 2013). Specific environments have different components that enhance the organizations developments. Two of the most important aspects are firstly, customers and clients and secondly, suppliers. Pearson Australia has been pioneering the field in the education field in Australia for years now. Its growth rate has always been on the high. Consequently, it has been winning various awards every year. In the recent financial year, it has received several awards that have catered to an increase to the customer base of the company (Pearson.com.au, 2017). In the course of specific environment, Pearson Australia has done a very good job in case of customer and client support. Conclusion In the concluding portion, the facts that have been discussed will be summed up. Pearson Australia has occupied a top spot according to the reports. The specific environment components have been fulfilled and the journals and articles have been analyzed in accordance to the different theories and concepts. References Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Pearson.com.au. (2017). Educational Publishing Awards Australia 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.pearson.com.au/company/awards/educational-publishing-awards-australia-2016/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Robbins, S., De Cenzo, D., Coulter, M. and Woods, M., 2013.Management: The essentials. Pearson Higher Education AU. Vaccaro, I.G., Jansen, J.J., Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Volberda, H.W., 2012. Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), pp.28-51.